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For example buoys are used, so if a seaquake happened this buoys get the information and sent them immediately to the competent authority. Most countries which could be hit by a tsunami are already in possession of some warning stations. That is partly because the tsunami waves are much slower than earthquake waves. Tsunamis, however, can be predicted a lot better. But often only these few seconds can save many people’s lives. It also depends on how far away the earthquake center is. However this method allows to warn only a few seconds before the earthquake. The primary waves are then followed by the secondary waves (S-Waves), which are only half as fast. So if a seismograph recognizes these primary waves it is possible to quickly raise the alarm. At first there are the primary waves (P-Waves), these waves aren`t dangerous and do no damage. There are two types of waves which are sent out by an earthquake. However, there is now a system to warn the population much faster when an earthquake happens. The biggest problem is to determine the exact place and time. Although there are some methods to indicate a possible earthquake, but this are no reliable information’s. But still it is not possible to predict earthquakes. The progress in technology and development reaches new heights each year. Why is it so hard to predict earthquakes? Also the coast of Hawaii was reached by 10 meter high waves, and one day later reached a 5,5 meter high wave the coast of Japan. His almost 12 meter high waves devastated the city of Puerto Saavedra. The earthquake was followed by a huge tsunami. Otherwise the number of casualties would been much higher. Thereby many were able to save themselves by leaving there houses. Many people were able to save their lives because there were a lot of slighter tremors before. This earthquake costed 1655 people their life. It reached a value of about 9,5 on the Moment magnitude scale. The heaviest measured earthquake happened on the 22. Scientists assume that at this value the earth crust would collapse. The Moment magnitude scale has a limit by 10,6. Nowadays earthquakes are measured according the Moment magnitude scale. You often hear in the news or read in the newspaper that the earthquake had a certain value according the Richter scale, but that isn`t true. Heavy earthquakes are not measured by the Richter scale because when they reach a value over 6,5 the scale loses their accuracy. However the characteristics of the earth`s crust make an earthquake over 9,5 almost impossible, it would discharge before the value was exceeded. Often you hear that the Richter scale goes from <2 (slight tremor) to 10 (global disaster), but actually the scale is open at the top.
This scale was invented by Charles Richter and Beno Gutenberg in 1935.
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The most popular technique to measure earthquakes is the Richter scale.